Can vessel monitoring system data also be used to study trawling intensity and population depletion? The example of Australia’s northern prawn fishery
نویسندگان
چکیده
We explore the potential of using data from Australia’s northern prawn fishery (NPF) vessel monitoring system(s) (VMS) to examine trawl track, trawling intensity, and stock depletion due to trawling. We simulate VMS data by subsampling global positioning system (GPS) fixes from the NPF fishing vessels at different polling intervals to examine their accuracy in describing trawl tracks. The results of the simulations suggest that VMS data with polling intervals longer than 30 min cannot accurately estimate trawl tracks. The analysis of high-polling-frequency VMS data collected in four (later reduced to three) 6 nautical mile × 6 nautical mile grids that historically received high levels of fishing effort showed that trawling was not random and some areas were trawled up to 28 times in the tiger prawn fishing season and the impact varied among years. The results of a catch-depletion analysis suggest that fishery catchper-unit-effort and cumulative catch may not be proportional to overall target-species biomass in areas with highly aggregated trawl effort. The VMS data also showed a large number of trawls can occur in productive areas and that trawling impacts on benthos may be quite marked. Résumé : Nous examinons la possibilité d’utiliser les données de du système de surveillance des navires (VMS) de la pêche crevettière du nord de l’Australie (NPF) pour étudier les pistes de chalutage, l’intensité du chalutage et l’épuisement des stocks dû au chalutage. Nous simulons les données VMS en sous-échantillonnant les coordonnées des navires de pêche NPF obtenues par le système de positionnement global (GPS) à différents intervalles d’échantillonnage afin de déterminer leur précision pour décrire les pistes de chalutage. Les résultats de nos simulations indiquent que des données VMS basées sur des intervalles d’échantillonnage supérieurs à 30 min ne permettent pas d’estimer correctement les pistes de chalutage. L’analyse de données VMS échantillonnées à fréquence plus élevée (HPF) obtenues sur quatre grilles (réduites subséquemment à trois) de 6 × 6 milles marins, qui ont, dans le passé, traditionnellement été soumises à des pressions de pêche élevées, montre que le chalutage ne se fait pas au hasard et que certaines régions sont soumises à jusqu’à 28 fois au chalutage durant la saison de pêche de la crevette tigrée et que l’impact varie d’une année à l’autre. Les résultats d’une analyse d’épuisement des captures indiquent que les captures par unité d’effort de cette pêche et les captures cumulées peuvent ne pas être proportionnelles à la biomasse globale de l’espèce visée dans les régions où l’importance du chalutage est fortement concentrée. Les données VMS montrent aussi qu’il peut se produire un important chalutage dans les zones productives et que les impacts du chalutage sur le benthos peuvent être très considérables. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Deng et al. 622
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